{"id":70814,"date":"2026-05-22T15:18:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T19:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/?p=70814"},"modified":"2026-05-22T15:19:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T19:19:33","slug":"badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Badge Engineering as Industrial Strategy: How Rebadged Cars Reveal the Economics, Anxieties, and Alliances Shaping Global Automotive History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What Drives the Persistence of Badge Engineering in the Automotive Industry?<\/p>\n<p>The phenomenon of badge engineering\u2014where a single car is marketed under multiple brand identities with only minor cosmetic or specification changes\u2014remains a persistent, if often derided, strategy in the global automotive sector. At its core, badge engineering is a response to the relentless pressure for cost efficiency and market penetration. The evidence suggests that manufacturers, faced with the high fixed costs of vehicle development, are incentivized to leverage existing platforms across as many markets and brands as possible. This approach is particularly attractive for conglomerates with sprawling brand portfolios, but it also surfaces in cross-company collaborations when market access or regulatory hurdles make independent development impractical.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, the badge engineering calculus is not purely economic. The practice also reflects the complex interplay of brand equity, consumer perception, and regulatory environments. For example, the creation of the Alpheon in South Korea\u2014essentially a rebadged Buick LaCrosse\u2014was less about cost savings than about navigating the absence of the Buick brand in that market and the impending discontinuation of Daewoo. Similarly, the proliferation of badge-engineered vehicles in Canada under names like Acadian and As\u00fcna reveals how manufacturers adapt to local dealer networks and consumer expectations, sometimes creating brands with no international resonance.<\/p>\n<p>Who Benefits\u2014and Who Loses\u2014from Badge Engineering?<\/p>\n<p>The immediate beneficiaries of badge engineering are manufacturers, who can amortize development costs and fill gaps in their lineups with minimal investment. Dealers may also benefit, gaining access to a broader range of products without the logistical burden of supporting entirely distinct models. However, the consumer calculus is more ambiguous. While buyers may enjoy increased choice and, occasionally, lower prices, the practical significance of these benefits is often limited by the superficiality of the differences between badge-engineered siblings.<\/p>\n<p>There are, however, notable exceptions where badge engineering has delivered genuine value to specific consumer segments. The Subaru Justy, for instance, distinguished itself from its Suzuki Swift counterpart by offering standard four-wheel drive\u2014a meaningful differentiation in markets with challenging weather conditions. Conversely, the Aston Martin Cygnet, a Toyota iQ in luxury drag, failed to persuade buyers that its elevated price tag was justified by its minor enhancements, despite its subsequent rarity-driven cachet among collectors.<\/p>\n<p>The losers in this equation are often the brands themselves, whose identities risk dilution when their badges are affixed to vehicles with little connection to their heritage or engineering philosophy. The Saab-Lancia 600, a near-unmodified Lancia Delta, stands as a cautionary tale: its poor adaptation to Nordic climates and lack of Saab DNA eroded brand credibility, leading to its rapid withdrawal.<\/p>\n<p>Does Badge Engineering Undermine Brand Authenticity?<\/p>\n<p>The relationship between badge engineering and brand authenticity is fraught. On one hand, the practice can be a pragmatic tool for survival, especially for smaller or embattled brands. On the other, it can erode the distinctiveness that underpins long-term brand value. The evidence from the past half-century suggests that the most successful badge-engineered vehicles are those that either (a) offer substantive differentiation\u2014be it in drivetrain, equipment, or market positioning\u2014or (b) serve markets where brand loyalty is weak and functional considerations dominate.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, the boundaries of acceptability are porous and context-dependent. The Vanden Plas Princess, one of many iterations of the BMC ADO16 platform, managed to carve out a niche by offering a genuinely differentiated interior experience, even as its mechanicals were shared with more prosaic siblings. In contrast, the Lancia Flavia convertible, a thinly disguised Chrysler 200, failed to resonate with European buyers, suggesting that mere cosmetic tweaks are insufficient when brand expectations are high.<\/p>\n<p>What Structural Forces Sustain Badge Engineering Despite Its Reputational Risks?<\/p>\n<p>The persistence of badge engineering is not merely a function of managerial inertia or short-term cost pressures. It is structurally embedded in the global automotive landscape, shaped by regulatory fragmentation, trade barriers, and the escalating costs of platform development. The proliferation of region-specific brands\u2014Acadian in Canada, Hindustan in India, Roewe in China\u2014reflects the enduring significance of local context, even as supply chains globalize.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the rise of electrification and digital platforms may paradoxically reinforce the logic of badge engineering. As the marginal cost of software and electric drivetrains declines, and as regulatory requirements for safety and emissions converge, the temptation to differentiate primarily through branding and user experience\u2014rather than hardware\u2014will likely intensify. The Opel Ampera-e, a rebadged Chevrolet Bolt EV, exemplifies this trend, though its commercial impact was constrained by supply limitations and shifting corporate allegiances.<\/p>\n<p>Are There Hidden Costs or Unintended Consequences?<\/p>\n<p>The mainstream narrative often frames badge engineering as a low-risk, high-reward strategy. However, this interpretation remains incomplete. There are second-order consequences that merit scrutiny. Brand dilution, as discussed, can have long-term repercussions that outweigh short-term gains. More subtly, badge engineering can entrench organizational silos and inhibit genuine innovation, as resources are diverted to superficial differentiation rather than substantive product development.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the practice may distort market signals, leading to overproduction and inventory gluts when badge-engineered models fail to find distinct audiences. The rapid discontinuation of models like the Saturn Relay and Pontiac Torrent, despite their mechanical commonality with more successful siblings, illustrates the limits of this approach.<\/p>\n<p>What Should Informed Observers Conclude About the Future of Badge Engineering?<\/p>\n<p>The evidence suggests that badge engineering, while often maligned, is not a transient artifact of automotive history but a structural feature of the industry. Its forms and justifications will evolve\u2014shaped by shifts in technology, regulation, and consumer expectations\u2014but its underlying logic endures. For industry observers, the critical task is to distinguish between badge engineering that merely recycles hardware and that which leverages shared platforms to deliver genuine value or market access.<\/p>\n<p>For consumers and brand stewards alike, vigilance is warranted. The proliferation of indistinguishable models under different badges may offer short-term choice but risks long-term homogenization. The challenge, then, is not to eliminate badge engineering but to ensure that it serves as a platform for meaningful differentiation rather than a substitute for it. Only then can the industry reconcile the imperatives of efficiency with the enduring appeal of brand authenticity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/car-news\/slideshow\/strange-obscure-often-forgotten-badge-engineered-cars-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history.jpg\" width=\"190\" height=\"125\" alt=\"Why go to the trouble and expense of creating two or more cars when you can simply create one and sell it with different names?\" title=\"Why go to the trouble and expense of creating two or more cars when you can simply create one and sell it with different names?\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Which of these cars do you remember?<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Why go to the trouble and expense of creating two or more cars when you can simply create one and sell it with different names?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>That process is called <strong>badge engineering<\/strong>, and it has been used many times over the years, usually for brands owned by the same manufacturer but occasionally by collaborating manufacturers. Such as this <strong>Fiat Fullback<\/strong>, sister to the Mitsubishi Triton\/L200, and built in Thailand.<\/p>\n<p>From hundreds of possible examples, we\u2019ve picked a representative 41 to describe here, listed in alphabetical order. Cars which <strong>differed from the originals<\/strong> in specification, styling details and in some cases drivetrain are considered are acceptable, but we\u2019re going no further than that.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Acadian Beaumont<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-1.jpg\" alt=\"Acadian Beaumont\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Acadian was a General Motors brand which, from 1962 to 1971, marketed very slightly adjusted Chevrolets on the Canadian market and sold by Pontiac-Buick dealers. The first Beaumont was a version of the <strong>Chevy II<\/strong>, while the second (pictured) was a rebadged and otherwise mildly altered <strong>Chevelle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>During the lifetime of the later car, Beaumont became a <strong>brand in its own right <\/strong>(GM always did like another brand), and only the Chevy II-based model remained known as an Acadian.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Alpheon<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-2.jpg\" alt=\"Alpheon\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Alpheon was a single-model General Motors brand which operated briefly in South Korea. The single model in question was a locally-built second-generation <strong>Buick LaCrosse <\/strong>(itself a close sibling to the Opel Insignia), but Buick had no presence in the country, and there were no plans to create one. Renaming it as a Chevrolet seemed inappropriate, and the Daewoo brand was about to be discontinued.<\/p>\n<p>Alpheon was created in 2010 simply as a name under which to sell this specific car. Both were discontinued five years later when GM Korea began importing the Detroit-built tenth-generation Chevrolet Impala.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Aston Martin Cygnet<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-3.jpg\" alt=\"Aston Martin Cygnet\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>For almost the first century of its existence, the suggestion that Aston Martin might put a badge-engineered Japanese city car on the market would have inspired hard stares and rude retorts. Nevertheless, it actually happened in 2011.<\/p>\n<p>The Cygnet was a <strong>Toyota iQ<\/strong> with a higher level of equipment, some cosmetic restyling and a startlingly higher price tag. It <strong>sold very poorly<\/strong>, and Aston has never attempted anything similar since. Only 300 were made however, and that rarity has meant they retain their value very well; they are a surprisingly common sight in posh parts of London.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>As\u00fcna Sunrunner<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-4.jpg\" alt=\"As\u00fcna Sunrunner\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Like Acadian, As\u00fcna was a General Motors brand dedicated to the <strong>Canadian market<\/strong>. During its very brief period of operation in the early 1990s, it sold three models which GM had very little to do with, other than importing them from Japan and South Korea.<\/p>\n<p>They were the Sunrunner, the Sunfire and a sedan known either as the SE or the GT. The first of these was one of the most badge-engineered vehicles on the planet, being sold around the world as the <strong>Suzuki Escudo<\/strong>, <strong>Suzuki Vitara<\/strong> and <strong>Chevrolet Tracker<\/strong>, among many other names.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Audi 50<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-5.jpg\" alt=\"Audi 50\" data-copyright=\"Audi \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Still to this day the smallest car Audi has ever put on sale, the 50 was almost exactly the same thing as the first-generation <strong>Volkswagen Polo<\/strong>. Since Audi got there first in 1974, and had built what the company reports (with devastating precision) to have been <strong>43,002<\/strong> 50s by the time Polo production began on 31 March 1975, it would be correct to say that the Polo was a badge-engineered 50.<\/p>\n<p>However, Audi persevered with the 50 until 1978, while the Polo, now in its sixth generation, is still with us, so it\u2019s easier, if less accurate, to think of them as being the other way round.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>BMW 3\/15<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-6.jpg\" alt=\"BMW 3\/15\" data-copyright=\"BMW\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>BMW entered the motor industry in 1928 through its purchase of Fahreugfabrik Eisenach. That now largely forgotten company was at the time producing a car called the <strong>Dixi<\/strong>, which was an <strong>Austin Seven<\/strong> built under licence in Germany.<\/p>\n<p>The car, known as the 3\/15 was steadily updated by its new owner, but it was only when this was replaced in 1932 by the 3\/20 that BMW could no longer truly be said to be building badge-engineered Austins.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Citro\u00ebn C-Crosser<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-7.jpg\" alt=\"Citro\u00ebn C-Crosser\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>When you speak of the C-Crosser, you also speak of the <strong>Peugeot 4007<\/strong>, which was exactly the same thing. Both were badge-engineered versions of the <strong>Mitsubishi Outlander<\/strong> SUV, the first of the three to be launched in 2005.<\/p>\n<p>It would be wrong to describe the Mitsubishi as a badge-engineered Citro\u00ebn or Peugeot, since it was almost entirely the Japanese company\u2019s work, though the French did supply engines (as did <strong>Volkswagen<\/strong>). The co-operation wasn\u2019t a great success, and did not survive into the next generation of the Outlander.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Daewoo G2X<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-8.jpg\" alt=\"Daewoo G2X\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The General Motors Kappa platform was used for several concepts and four production sports cars. Of the latter, the <strong>Pontiac Solstice<\/strong> had its own distinctive styling, but the <strong>Saturn Sky<\/strong> and <strong>Opel GT<\/strong> were virtually identical apart from their badging.<\/p>\n<p>Less familiar to western motorists was the Daewoo G2X, essentially the same car as the Sky and GT but, like the Opel, only ever available with a turbocharged engine as fitted to the Red Line version of the Saturn. It wasn\u2019t a big hit, with only <strong>179<\/strong> examples reported as having been sold from 2007 to 2009.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Daewoo Royale<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-9.jpg\" alt=\"Daewoo Royale\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>During the very complicated early history of GM\u2019s presence in South Korea, the Daewoo Royale was introduced in 1978 as the replacement for a car called the <strong>Saehan Rekord<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Other than its name and a few styling changes, the Royale was essentially an <strong>Opel Rekord E<\/strong>, and therefore also more or less the same thing as the contemporary <strong>Vauxhall Carlton<\/strong> and <strong>Holden Commodore<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Dodge Brisa<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-10.jpg\" alt=\"Dodge Brisa\" data-copyright=\"Hyundai\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Quite unlike anything else marketed by the brand, the Brisa was sold as a Dodge only because of an arrangement between companies which otherwise rarely worked together. It was in fact a first-generation <strong>Hyundai Accent<\/strong> (pictured) manufactured in Venezuela from 2002 to 2006.<\/p>\n<p>The Brisa name was also used for a completely unrelated <strong>Kia<\/strong> of the 1970s, which was a variant of the second-generation <strong>Mazda Familia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Fiat Fullback<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-11.jpg\" alt=\"Fiat Fullback\" data-copyright=\"Stellantis\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Usually, if you think you\u2019re looking at a fifth-generation <strong>Mitsubishi L200<\/strong> truck (also known as the Triton or Strada), you\u2019re quite correct, but sometimes you\u2019re not. If it was built between 2015 and 2019, it could actually be a Fiat Fullback, unless you\u2019re in the Middle East, in which case it\u2019s far more likely to be a <strong>Ram 1200<\/strong>. Badging and very minor details apart, they are all the same.<\/p>\n<p>Since 2020, a similar situation has pertained to the Fullback\u2019s successor, the <strong>Fiat Titano<\/strong>, which is actually a <strong>Peugeot Landtrek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Fiat Sedici<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-12.jpg\" alt=\"Fiat Sedici\" data-copyright=\"Fiat \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The Sedici, a compact SUV available with front- or four-wheel drive, was a rebadged <strong>Suzuki SX4<\/strong>, and built in the Suzuki factory in Hungary. We were reasonably impressed by it, saying, \u201cCertainly there is no notable reason to avoid it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It was revised in 2009 (as pictured here), but there was no Fiat equivalent of the Suzuki\u2019s successor, the SX4 S-Cross, which arrived in 2013. Fiat\u2019s current model of this type is the <strong>500X<\/strong>, related to, but not a badge-engineered version of, the <strong>Jeep Renegade<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Fiat Viaggio<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-13.jpg\" alt=\"Fiat Viaggio\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Fiat\u2019s investment in Chrysler\u2019s after Chrysler went bankrupt during the global financial crisis led, among other things, to the creation of the most recent model known as <strong>Dodge Dart<\/strong>, which was itself based on a larger version of the platform used for the <strong>Alfa Romeo Giulietta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Fiat then converted the Dart (though the changes were minimal) into the Viaggio, which was sold in China. It then went a step further and created the <strong>Ottimo<\/strong> \u2013 basically the same car, except that it was a five-door hatchback rather than a four-door sedan.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Hindustan Ambassador<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-14.jpg\" alt=\"Hindustan Ambassador\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The big-selling Ambassador was developed considerably over its very long production life from 1957 to 2014, but it was at first \u2013 and at heart remained \u2013 a rebadged Series III <strong>Morris Oxford<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>There has been talk of Hindustan Motors <strong>introducing a new Ambassador<\/strong> in the near future, but if this happens it\u2019s unlikely to have much relationship to the old one.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Holden Jackaroo<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-15.jpg\" alt=\"Holden Jackaroo\" data-copyright=\"Hugo Villegas\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Both the first and the second (pictured) generation of the <strong>Isuzu Trooper<\/strong> were sold by GM\u2019s Australian division with the model name Jackaroo. The earlier model was the <strong>first four-wheel drive vehicle<\/strong> in Holden\u2019s history.<\/p>\n<p>Used since the 19th century, the word jackaroo refers to a young man working on a sheep or cattle station.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Honda Crossroad<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-16.jpg\" alt=\"Honda Crossroad\" data-copyright=\"Honda \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Honda has marketed two SUVs called Crossroad. The second was all in its own work. The first, dating from the 1990s, was a rebadged <strong>Land Rover Discovery<\/strong>, a situation made possible by the fact that Honda had a business arrangement with Rover at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Its <strong>3.9-litre<\/strong> engine is still to this day the largest ever fitted to a road-going Honda production vehicle, and Honda\u2019s only production car <strong>V8<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Isuzu Hombre<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-17.jpg\" alt=\"Isuzu Hombre\" data-copyright=\"Isuzu \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Isuzu is famous for, among other things, its pickup trucks. Who has never heard of the Rodeo, the D-MAX or the Hombre? Well, perhaps the Hombre might not have registered with you.<\/p>\n<p>It was a mildly restyled version of the <strong>Chevrolet S-10<\/strong> sold briefly in the late 1990s. Its successor, the <strong>i-series<\/strong>, bore a similar relationship to the S-10\u2019s successor, the <strong>Chevy Colorado<\/strong>\/<strong>GMC Canyon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Lancia Flavia<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-18.jpg\" alt=\"Lancia Flavia\" data-copyright=\"Stellantis\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The Flavia we\u2019re looking at here had nothing to do with the one sold <strong>throughout the 1960s<\/strong> and later renamed 2000. This one was hardly a Lancia at all, but a very slightly altered <strong>Chrysler 200<\/strong> convertible (itself a reworked <strong>Chrysler Sebring<\/strong>) sold in left-hand drive European markets.<\/p>\n<p>It was introduced in 2012 and abandoned two years later due to the introduction of the new 200, which had no Lancia equivalent.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Mazda 121<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-19.jpg\" alt=\"Mazda 121\" data-copyright=\"Mazda \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Mazda used the 121 name for several of its models from the mid 1970s until the early 21st century. The one of interest here was, except on the closest inspection, almost indistinguishable from the fourth-generation <strong>Ford Fiesta<\/strong> \u2013 the one which resembled a fish until it was facelifted in 1999.<\/p>\n<p>Both cars were produced until 2002. There has been no Mazda 121 of any kind since then.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Nissan NMC<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-20.jpg\" alt=\"Nissan NMC\" data-copyright=\"TTNIS\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>NMC stood for <strong>New Mobility Concept<\/strong>. That name was used \u2013 or at least its initials were \u2013 for a rebadged <strong>Renault Twizy<\/strong>, which Nissan said had been \u201cdeveloped in response to rising numbers of senior citizens and single-member households, along with increasing use of automobiles for short-distance trips by up to two people\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>It sold in very small numbers in Japan, and was also known as the <strong>Scoot Quad<\/strong> for the purposes of a car-sharing scheme in San Francisco. Contemporary reports revealed that both Renault and Nissan badges were visible.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Oldsmobile Firenza<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-21.jpg\" alt=\"Oldsmobile Firenza\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The Firenza is today perhaps the least remembered of the many General Motors J platform cars. Sold in the 1982 to 1988 model years, it was made of largely the same stuff as the <strong>Buick Skyhawk<\/strong>, <strong>Chevrolet Cavalier<\/strong> and <strong>Pontiac Sunbird<\/strong> of the same period, and as the much more expensive and much less successful <strong>Cadillac Cimarron<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Each brand applied its own styling to some extent, but at first glance it was difficult for a non-expert to tell which was which.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Opel Ampera-e<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-22.jpg\" alt=\"Opel Ampera-e\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The recently discontinued <strong>Chevrolet Bolt EV<\/strong> was not sold under its own name in Europe, but in some countries it was available as the Opel Ampera-e. Both were built in the GM Orion Assembly Plant in Michigan, though Ampera-e production was not enough even to satisfy the small number of orders Opel dealers received.<\/p>\n<p>The Ampera-e was already off the market by the time the Bolt EV was discontinued at the end of the 2023 model year. A replacement is due in 2026, but the chances of there being an Opel version are infinitesimal, since the German brand is now owned by GM rival Stellantis.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Opel Karl<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-23.jpg\" alt=\"Opel Karl\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Before General Motors sold Opel and Vauxhall to the PSA Group in 2017, it was quite reasonable that they would both sell a slightly altered version of a Chevrolet. The Chevrolet in question was the <strong>Spark<\/strong>, which was designed and built by GM Korea.<\/p>\n<p>Within our definition, the Karl was a badge-engineered Spark, since the styling changes were fairly minor. The <strong>Vauxhall Viva<\/strong> (pictured), sold only in the UK, was more precisely a badge-engineered Karl.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Peugeot Pars<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-24.jpg\" alt=\"Peugeot Pars\" data-copyright=\"Peugeot \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Iran Khodro, or IKCO, has both developed its own cars and manufactured ones designed by other companies. One of the most famous examples of the latter is the Peugeot Pars, which still looks very much the <strong>Peugeot 405<\/strong> it really is, even though it has had several updates.<\/p>\n<p>IKCO also builds produces its own versions of the <strong>Peugeot 207<\/strong> and the much more recent <strong>Peugeot 2008<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Plymouth Cricket<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-25.jpg\" alt=\"Plymouth Cricket\" data-copyright=\"Stellantis\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>During the short existence of Chrysler Europe, the car normally known as the <strong>Hillman Avenger<\/strong> was rebadged as the Plymouth Cricket for North America, where the Hillman nameplate meant nothing. Despite winning the 1971 Press On Regardless rally, it proved to be very unpopular, and was discontinued in 1973, eight years before Avenger production came to an end.<\/p>\n<p>It was followed almost immediately by a new Plymouth Cricket which was once again a badge-engineered car, this time based on the second-generation <strong>Dodge Colt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Pontiac Torrent<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-26.jpg\" alt=\"Pontiac Torrent\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Although both ends were slightly restyled, only a few seconds\u2019 study would make it evident that the Torrent, a mid-size crossover SUV launched in 2006, was neither more nor less than the first-generation <strong>Chevrolet Equinox<\/strong> introduced the previous year.<\/p>\n<p>While the Equinox is heading into its fourth generation, there was only ever one Torrent. Any chance that there might have been more evaporated when General Motors <strong>closed Pontiac<\/strong> in 2010, 74 years after its creation.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Proton Pert<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-27.jpg\" alt=\"Proton Pert\" data-copyright=\"Tilman Kluge\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Some generations of the <strong>Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution<\/strong> were rebranded as Protons and given the name Pert, an acronym of Petronas EON Racing Team (EON being Edaran Otomobil Nasional, a company established in 1984 as a Proton distributor).<\/p>\n<p>The Pert is most famous internationally for having won the 2002 Production World Rally Championship in the hands of Malaysian driver <strong>Karamjit Singh<\/strong> (born 1962), who beat Lancer Evo VIIs into second and third place over the course of the season.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Proton Tiara<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-28.jpg\" alt=\"Proton Tiara\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Protons built and sold in the 20th century were usually based on Mitsubishis in one way or another, but the Tiara was a unique case of one which was in fact a Citro\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, it was a <strong>Citro\u00ebn AX<\/strong>, that very light small car which was coming to the end of its production life when the Tiara arrived in the late 1990s. The Proton lasted slightly longer, but not beyond 2000.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Renault Alaskan<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-29.jpg\" alt=\"Renault Alaskan\" data-copyright=\"Renault \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Like the discontinued <strong>Mercedes X-Class<\/strong>, the Alaskan is, barring some minor alterations to the design, a third-generation <strong>Nissan Navara<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Introduced in 2016, it became the longest-ever Renault (or at least Renault-badged) toad-going production vehicle, taking over from the <strong>40CV<\/strong> luxury car which had been discontinued 88 years before.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Roewe 750<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-30.jpg\" alt=\"Roewe 750\" data-copyright=\"SAIC\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The 750 was the first model produced by Chinese manufacturer SAIC Motor after it bought\u00a0 the rights to the <strong>Rover 25<\/strong> hatchback and the much larger <strong>Rover 75<\/strong>, but not to their names; the Rover name was owned by BMW, then sold to Ford, and then sold on to Tata Motors when it bought Jaguar Land Rover.<\/p>\n<p>The 75 is the more important of the two in this context, since that\u2019s basically what the 750 was, though there are just enough styling differences to make it clear that it was not precisely the same. Introduced in 2006, it remained in production for a full decade, until November 2016.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Rover CityRover<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-31.jpg\" alt=\"Rover CityRover\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Except in the tiniest details, the CityRover introduced in 2003 was a <strong>Tata Indica<\/strong> designed and built by Tata Motors, which subsequently became \u2013 and is still \u2013 the owner of Jaguar Land Rover.<\/p>\n<p>Motorists in different countries have different requirements. While the Indica was a success in India, it was robustly criticised in the UK as a poor attempt to keep MG Rover in business. As we wrote after it had gone, \u201cA low price wasn\u2019t enough to save the company.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Saab-Lancia 600<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-32.jpg\" alt=\"Saab-Lancia 600\" data-copyright=\"Saab\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Once described as \u201cthe black, unexplored terrain of Saab history\u201d, the 600 was unusual in that it wasn\u2019t a Saab at all but an almost entirely unmodified <strong>Lancia Delta<\/strong>, even retaining a Lancia badge on the front grille.<\/p>\n<p>Launched in Sweden, Finland and Norway in 1980, it quickly developed a reputation for being adversely affected by the <strong>salt<\/strong> spread liberally on the roads of those countries when they became icy, and was withdrawn after just two years.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Saturn Relay<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-33.jpg\" alt=\"Saturn Relay\" data-copyright=\"GM\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Towards the end of Saturn\u2019s 25-year history, GM\u2019s \u2018different kind of car company\u2019 brand produced a minivan called the Relay. It made its debut in the 2005 model year, the same time as the <strong>Buick Terraza<\/strong>, the <strong>Chevrolet Uplander<\/strong> and the second-generation <strong>Pontiac Montana<\/strong>, all of which were the same vehicle, though with very slightly different front-end treatments.<\/p>\n<p>Like the Buick, the Saturn did not survive beyond 2007, though the Chevrolet and the Pontiac lasted slightly longer. Saturn itself was closed down in 2010.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Subaru Justy<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-34.jpg\" alt=\"Subaru Justy\" data-copyright=\"Subaru \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The second-generation Justy was almost identical to the second-generation <strong>Suzuki Swift<\/strong>. Oddly, for two cars marketed by Japanese companies, they were both built in Suzuki\u2019s factory in Hungary.<\/p>\n<p>The major difference between the two lay under the skin. By the 1990s, Subaru was globally famous for its four-wheel drive cars. The Justy accordingly came with 4WD as standard.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Subaru Pleo<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-35.jpg\" alt=\"Subaru Pleo\" data-copyright=\"Subaru \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Subaru began making kei cars in 1958, and continued doing so until 2009, when its first-generation Pleo was discontinued. By now Toyota, a majority shareholder in <strong>Daihatsu<\/strong>, had a significant investment in Subaru too, and decided that there was no point in two brands it partly owned developing kei cars separately.<\/p>\n<p>The second Pleo, therefore, was simply a <strong>Daihatsu Mira<\/strong> with Subaru branding. Both versions remained on the market until 2018.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Subaru Solterra<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-36.jpg\" alt=\"Subaru Solterra\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The partnership between Subaru and Toyota has led, among other things, to the creation of the Solterra, an all-electric crossover which amounts to a rebadged and very mildly redesigned <strong>Toyota bZ4X<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>While the derivation of the name bZ4X isn\u2019t immediately obvious, \u2018Solterra\u2019 comes from the Latin words for \u2018sun\u2019 and \u2018earth\u2019, emphasising Subaru\u2019s ambitious claim that this is its \u201cfirst global EV that aims to co-exist with nature\u201d.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Suzuki Cara<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-37.jpg\" alt=\"Suzuki Cara\" data-copyright=\"Suzuki \" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Autozam AZ-1<\/strong> was a kei sports car with gullwing doors, developed by <strong>Mazda<\/strong>. The Cara was the same thing, but with Suzuki badging.<\/p>\n<p>However, there\u2019s more to it than that. The history of the AZ-1 in fact begins with a Suzuki prototype which was dropped in favour of the less radical <strong>Cappuccino<\/strong> and picked up by Mazda. The production version was also powered by the same turbocharged <strong>657cc<\/strong> three-cylinder engine used in the Cappuccino.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Toyota Glanza<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-38.jpg\" alt=\"Toyota Glanza\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Suzuki Baleno<\/strong> went on sale in India in 2015, and four years later gained a rival in the form of the Toyota Glanza, which was actually the same car. Both models moved into their second generation (pictured) in 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Glanza is derived from the German word <em>Glanz<\/em>, which can be translated into English as \u2018brightness\u2019, \u2018radiance\u2019, \u2018sparkle\u2019 and various synonyms thereof. Toyota previously used it in Japan for a sporty version of the fifth-generation <strong>Starlet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Vanden Plas Princess<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-39.jpg\" alt=\"Vanden Plas Princess\" data-copyright=\"Alf Van Beem\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The British Motor Corporation car codenamed <strong>ADO16<\/strong>, always powered by a <strong>1.1-<\/strong> or <strong>1.3-litre A-Series<\/strong> engine, was one of the most popular models in the UK during the 1960s. It was also an extreme example of badge engineering, being marketed by the Austin, Innocenti, MG, Morris, Riley, Vanden Plas and Wolseley brands.<\/p>\n<p>Today, Vanden Plas is perhaps the least well remembered of these. Its version of the car was notable, though not unique, for having an extravagant chrome front grille, but was structurally and mechanically the same as all the others. It had a delightful interior full of polished wood, with picnic tables on the back of the front seats.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Vauxhall VXR8<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-40.jpg\" alt=\"Vauxhall VXR8\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>VXR8 was the name used for two generations of Vauxhall which weren\u2019t really Vauxhalls at all. In fact, they were <strong>Holdens<\/strong> powered by <strong>Chevrolet V8<\/strong> engines and imported from half a world away in Australia.<\/p>\n<p>General Motors cancelled all Holden production in 2017, and that spelled the end for the VXR8.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Wolseley 6\/99<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/badge-engineering-as-industrial-strategy-how-rebadged-cars-reveal-the-economics-anxieties-and-alliances-shaping-global-automotive-history-41.jpg\" alt=\"Wolseley 6\/99\" data-copyright=\"Autocar\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Austin A99 Westminster<\/strong> introduced in 1959 was quickly joined by Wolseley\u2019s badge-engineered equivalent. The mechanicals (including a <strong>2.9-litre<\/strong> straight six engine) and Pininfarina-designed bodies were identical, but since Wolseley was a far more upmarket brand than Austin the 6\/99 was made to look much grander.<\/p>\n<p>A similar tactic was employed in 1961, when the cars were lengthened and became the <strong>Austin A110 Westminster<\/strong> and <strong>Wolseley 6\/110<\/strong> respectively.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-featured","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70816,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70814\/revisions\/70816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalvillagespace.com\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}