Why Did Subaru Retire the EJ Engine After 32 Years?
If you’ve ever owned a Subaru—or just admired one from afar—you’ve probably heard about the legendary EJ engine. For more than three decades, this flat-four powerplant was the heart of everything from the Impreza WRX to the Outback. So why did Subaru finally pull the plug? The answer comes down to a mix of tightening federal regulations and the relentless march of technology.
By the late 2010s, emissions and fuel economy standards in the US and abroad had become far stricter. The EJ, designed in the late 1980s, simply couldn’t keep up without major overhauls. Retrofitting it to meet modern requirements would have cost more than developing a new engine from scratch. Subaru, like every automaker, had to make a tough call: stick with a beloved classic or move forward to meet the demands of a changing world.
What Made the EJ Engine So Special to Subaru Fans?
Ask any Subaru enthusiast what they love about their car, and odds are the EJ engine comes up fast. There’s something about the way it sounds—a distinctive boxer rumble that’s music to the ears of gearheads. But it wasn’t just about noise. The EJ’s horizontally opposed design kept the center of gravity low, improving handling and stability, especially in all-wheel-drive setups.
Reliability was another hallmark. With regular maintenance, these engines could rack up hundreds of thousands of miles. They powered rally legends, family wagons, and even the odd sports car. For many, the EJ wasn’t just an engine—it was the soul of Subaru.
What Engines Replaced the EJ, and What Went Wrong?
When Subaru retired the EJ, they introduced the FB and FA engine families. On paper, these new engines promised better fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and smoother operation. Direct injection, variable valve timing, and lighter materials were all part of the package.
But reality had other plans. Early versions of the FB and FA engines faced a rash of issues, from excessive oil consumption to problems with piston rings and valve springs. Some owners reported engine failures well before the 100,000-mile mark—a far cry from the bulletproof reputation of the EJ. Subaru responded with recalls and extended warranties, but the damage to their reputation lingered.
How Did Federal Regulations Shape Subaru’s Engine Choices?
It’s easy to blame “the government” for killing off a beloved engine, but the story is more nuanced. Over the past two decades, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and similar agencies worldwide have steadily tightened rules on tailpipe emissions and fuel economy. Automakers face hefty fines if their vehicles don’t comply.
The EJ engine, with its older design and less sophisticated emissions controls, was increasingly out of step with these rules. Subaru had to either invest heavily in updating the EJ or develop new engines from the ground up. They chose the latter, betting that the new technology would future-proof their lineup. It was a gamble—one that’s still playing out.
Are the New Subaru Engines Improving?
The good news: Subaru has learned from its early missteps. Later versions of the FB and FA engines have addressed many of the initial reliability concerns. Updated piston rings, improved oil control, and better quality control have all helped. Recent owner surveys and reliability studies from sources like Consumer Reports show that Subaru’s engine problems have become less common in the last five years.
Still, some longtime fans miss the character and simplicity of the old EJ. The new engines are quieter, more efficient, and cleaner—but they lack that signature boxer growl and the mechanical feel that made the EJ so beloved.
What Should Subaru Owners and Shoppers Know Going Forward?
If you’re shopping for a used Subaru, it pays to know your engines. Models with the last iterations of the EJ (especially the turbocharged WRX and STI) are in high demand, partly because of their reputation for durability and performance. But don’t write off the newer FB and FA engines—just make sure any used example has a solid maintenance history and, if possible, documentation of any recall work.
For current owners, regular oil changes and keeping an eye on fluid levels remain the best way to ensure longevity, regardless of engine type. Subaru’s all-wheel-drive system and boxer engines are still a unique combination in the automotive world, offering a blend of safety, performance, and practicality that’s hard to match.
The big takeaway? Subaru’s engine evolution isn’t about perfection—it’s about smarter adjustments. Start with one change this week, and you’ll likely spot the difference by month’s end.
