News Desk |
In Western society, as overall interaction with nature slowly declines, scientists are exploring whether reconnecting with parks, woodlands, and beaches might benefit our general health and well-being. Researchers have run a number of studies, of varying quality, that have examined the role of human interaction with nature in overall health.
For instance, one study concluded that living in areas with more trees increases a person’s perception of both physical and mental health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic conditions. One 2016 review concluded that “living in areas with higher amounts of green spaces reduces mortality, mainly [cardiovascular disease].”
People could take the 2-hour exposure as one long trip or across several shorter trips.
Despite the slow accumulation of evidence for the benefits of visiting green spaces, no one has calculated the exact amount of time someone needs to spend in nature to reap the benefits.
The authors of the new study, from the University of Exeter Medical School in the United Kingdom and Uppsala University in Sweden, aimed to “better understand the relationships between time spent in nature per week and self-reported health and subjective well-being.” They recently published their findings in the journal Scientific Reports.
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Timing interactions with nature
To investigate, the team took data from the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment survey, which includes a representative sample of the U.K. public. The researchers collected data for this survey by conducting face-to-face interviews at participants’ homes.
They used a sample of 20,264 people and asked them a range of questions, two of which were, “How is your health in general?” and “Overall, how satisfied are you with life nowadays?”
The researchers collected data for this survey by conducting face-to-face interviews at participants’ homes.
Despite the slow accumulation of evidence for the benefits of visiting green spaces, no one has calculated the exact amount of time someone needs to spend in nature to reap the benefits.
The authors of the new study, from the University of Exeter Medical School in the United Kingdom and Uppsala University in Sweden, aimed to “better understand the relationships between time spent in nature per week and self-reported health and subjective well-being.” They recently published their findings in the journal Scientific Reports.
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They also asked the participants how much contact they had had with nature in the past 7 days, including “parks, canals, and nature areas; the coast and beaches; and the countryside including farmland, woodland, hills, and rivers,” but not including “routine shopping trips or time spent in your own garden.”
The researchers asked how often they went and how long each visit lasted; from that information, they extrapolated the participants’ average weekly exposure to nature.
Before analysis, the scientists also controlled for a long list of variables, including sex, age, the average amount of exercise taken each week, the level of deprivation in the local area, dog ownership, and relationship status.
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2 hours each week
They found that there were no significant benefits to self-reported health or well-being until participants reached the 2-hour mark. Any less did not make a noticeable difference, and any more did not boost the positive effect any further.
People could take the 2-hour exposure as one long trip or across several shorter trips. “Two hours a week is hopefully a realistic target for many people, especially given that it can be spread over an entire week to get the benefit”, according to a study lead Dr. Mathew P. White.
The study authors discuss the size of the positive effect, explaining that the increase in self-reported health and well-being following 2 hours of contact with nature each week is similar to the differences observed in:
- people living in an area of low versus high deprivation
- people employed in a high versus low social grade occupation
- people who achieve the recommended levels of physical activity in the previous week versus those who do not
Because of the impressive size of the effect, the team hopes that public health officials will soon be able to use the growing body of evidence to inform new policies. As study co-author Prof. Terry Hartig explains:
“There are many reasons why spending time in nature may be good for health and well-being, including getting perspective on life circumstances, reducing stress, and enjoying quality time with friends and family.”
He adds, “The current findings offer valuable support to health practitioners in making recommendations about spending time in nature to promote basic health and well-being, similar to guidelines for weekly physical [activity].”